近日，著名天使投資人、61歲的徐小平被母校Saskatchewan大學(xué)授予了榮譽(yù)法學(xué)博士學(xué)位，并被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)诋厴I(yè)典禮上發(fā)表精彩演講。他認(rèn)為有哪些事情，會(huì)決定人一生的命運(yùn)，需要越早想清楚越好呢？

以下這張“徐小平清單”也許能幫助你，做出更好的人生規(guī)劃。

1. 選擇決定命運(yùn)，認(rèn)知決定選擇。在離開學(xué)校以前，就應(yīng)該清楚地意識(shí)到，世界很大，變化很快。你在大學(xué)里學(xué)到的知識(shí)，絕對(duì)不足以幫助你建立一個(gè)廣闊的視野。你必須養(yǎng)成隨時(shí)隨地跨界學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣和能力，不斷探索那些與自己的專業(yè)貌似無關(guān)的知識(shí)新邊疆。

2. 在人生大事上學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)思考模型。人的價(jià)值高低取決于稀缺性，即不可替代性。所以，無論做什么工作或者選擇和誰一起生活，都要把事情做到別人無法替代的程度，這是對(duì)自我價(jià)值最好的保護(hù)和經(jīng)營(yíng)。

3. 利他和利己是一枚硬幣的兩面，應(yīng)該把不計(jì)回報(bào)的幫助他人，變成自己的一種本能。所謂成功，就是在多大程度上滿足了他人的需求。利他的范圍越大，就越接近世俗意義上的成功。反之，想要在越大范圍內(nèi)成就自己，就越需要得到來自更多人的力量和認(rèn)同。所以，利他精神發(fā)展到極致終究是成就自己。

4. 我家里掛了一幅字，上書“唯大丈夫能本色，是真英雄自風(fēng)流”。本色、真情是人的重要品質(zhì)。在人生的一些重要時(shí)刻，一定要把自己內(nèi)心深處的想法和感情表達(dá)出來，讓對(duì)方知道你的真情實(shí)感。沒有什么比本色示人、真情待人更能拉近人與人之間的距離了。

5. 就金錢而言，成長(zhǎng)性比絕對(duì)值重要得多，結(jié)構(gòu)性比起步點(diǎn)重要得多。要盡量選擇那些能夠給自己帶來杠桿性收入和“收入本身帶來收入”的工作。所以，與其拼命尋找一份領(lǐng)取高額工資的職業(yè)，還不如參與一家靠譜的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司、學(xué)會(huì)用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)把自己的能力產(chǎn)品化、研究這個(gè)時(shí)代新產(chǎn)生的財(cái)富創(chuàng)造機(jī)制，才會(huì)更有可能接近財(cái)務(wù)自由。

6. 金錢的作用有其“臨界值”。在達(dá)到這個(gè)臨界值之前，金錢是和個(gè)人幸福感正相關(guān)的，所以必須尊重和重視金錢的基本價(jià)值。使自己成為一個(gè)體面的人，這是你參與社會(huì)交往的前提。但是，一旦突破這個(gè)臨界值（美國(guó)人的研究是年收入7.5萬美元），金錢就不再直接創(chuàng)造幸福感，而是變成一種工具，把這個(gè)工具的力量最大化成為它本身的目的和意義。從這個(gè)意義上說，我做天使投資，和比爾蓋茨做慈善，本質(zhì)上都是一樣的“自私”：把金錢變成幫助和影響他人的工具，以此獲得自己的精神回報(bào)。

7. 人生遠(yuǎn)比我們想象得漫長(zhǎng)，所以不爭(zhēng)一城一池的得失，要把一切機(jī)會(huì)和挫折都放到盡可能長(zhǎng)的周期里來思考。新東方創(chuàng)始人俞敏洪老師當(dāng)年高考一共考了三次，作為一個(gè)年輕人，在當(dāng)時(shí)所經(jīng)受的壓力和摧殘是不可想象的，可是站在今天回頭看，那只不過是非常非常短暫的一個(gè)瞬間。

8. 當(dāng)有兩件事擺在你面前，一件你輕松可以上手，一件需要你從頭學(xué)習(xí)摸索，別猶豫，選那件難的。我也不知道為什么，但是每次都是那件更難的事情成就了更大的成果。我所認(rèn)識(shí)的所有高手，都有一種“舍易求難”的本能。 

9. 在任何一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，輸出能力最強(qiáng)的那些人都會(huì)摘走最大的紅利。無論是寫作、還是演講，你一定要盡最大努力強(qiáng)化培養(yǎng)至少其中一種輸出能力，并且長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持向外界輸出自己的思考和觀念，直到成為市場(chǎng)中最強(qiáng)的前20%。

10. 時(shí)間是每個(gè)人與生俱來所持有的唯一且最重要的資源。但時(shí)間并不是在所有事情上都產(chǎn)生同樣的回報(bào)。你必須有能力做出取舍，把時(shí)間投入在那些最有價(jià)值的事情上，同時(shí)承受可能由此帶來的遺憾。當(dāng)然，什么最有價(jià)值，見仁見智，就我個(gè)人六十年的人生感受而言，依次排序是：持續(xù)的學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)展自我、友情、成就那些比我年輕的人。

11. 強(qiáng)化自省能力。自省是人防止精神衰老、事業(yè)衰退的秘訣。自省的能力來自不斷學(xué)習(xí)。有一個(gè)手機(jī)應(yīng)用「得到」App挺好的，下載它，使用它，做一個(gè)我這樣被“致敬”的終身學(xué)習(xí)者。

【附】徐小平的畢業(yè)演講：生命因給予而繁盛（中英對(duì)照）

尊敬的校監(jiān) Romanow 先生、校長(zhǎng) Stoicheff 先生、政府代表、出席嘉賓、教師代表、畢業(yè)生、朋友、女士們、先生們：

這是一份無與倫比的榮譽(yù)，我由衷地表示感激。謝謝你們！

Ladies and gentlemen. Chancellor Romanow, President Stoicheff, government representatives, distinguished guests, members of the faculty, graduates and friends: This honor means everything to me. I am truly grateful. Thank you so very much.

我的新學(xué)位使我成為了 2017 年畢業(yè)生中光榮的一員。在這個(gè)美好的日子里，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向各位同學(xué)們，以及你們的家人、朋友們獻(xiàn)上一句簡(jiǎn)單的祝福，我要向你們了不起的成就表示熱烈祝賀！

My new degree makes me a proud member of this Class of 2017. To my classmates, your parents, your families, may I offer a simple message: For the great achievement you share on this wonderful day, Congratulations!

法學(xué)博士的頭銜實(shí)在是一個(gè)讓我受寵若驚的榮譽(yù)。這里有一個(gè)故事。很久以前在我獲得音樂碩士學(xué)位之后，我仍然不知道自己想要干什么。于是我想到了學(xué)習(xí)法律，我也確實(shí)去上了一節(jié)合同法課，就一節(jié)。（笑聲）當(dāng)時(shí)我就明白了，我真不是讀法學(xué)院的料（笑聲）。然而，就上過這一節(jié)法學(xué)課的我，現(xiàn)在卻獲得了令人艷羨的法學(xué)博士學(xué)位（笑聲+掌聲）。對(duì)于那些寒窗苦熬、熬到今天終成正果的法學(xué)院畢業(yè)生們來說，你們有理由心生感慨：生活并不總是那么公平（笑聲）！

For me, it is especially flattering to be called a Doctor of Laws. Let me tell you why. Long ago, after I earned my Master’s Degree in music, I still didn’t know what to do. So I considered studying at the College of Law. I attended exactly one class, in contract law. Right then and there, I knew that law school just wasn’t for me. One class – and yet here I am with this beautiful, impressive degree as a Doctor of Laws. Those of you graduating from the law school today, who worked and struggled for your degrees, would be entitled to reflect that life is not always fair.

確實(shí)，總有一些人，得到的比他付出的多。對(duì)此我有切身體驗(yàn)，因?yàn)槲覐乃_斯喀徹溫大學(xué)所得到的一切都證明了這一點(diǎn)。母校給了我很高的榮譽(yù)，但是，從心底里，我今天來是為了贊頌我的母校。

Sometimes we get more than we deserve. I know this, because it is how I have always felt, about what I received from the University of Saskatchewan. The university has honored me, but really, I am here today to honor the university.

30 年前的 1987 年，我和我妻子和我決定走出國(guó)門，看看外邊的世界。如果你在北京的地下室住過，渴望換一種風(fēng)景，沒有什么比加拿大遼闊的草原風(fēng)光，會(huì)給你帶來更震撼的體驗(yàn)（笑聲）。

Exactly thirty years ago in 1987, my wife Ling and I decided that we were ready to see the world beyond China. If you had lived in a basement in Beijing, and desire a change of scenery, it doesn’t get any more different than the Canadian prairie.

我妻子申請(qǐng)了這里的音樂系，立即得到了錄取。而我，卻不得不耐心等待。兜里裝著全部家當(dāng)一百美元，我去了美國(guó)華盛頓打工。這樣，我妻子一個(gè)人生活在薩斯卡通，與她的小提琴為伴。而我，在離她三千公里之外一家叫“春卷先生”的中餐廳，當(dāng)了一名廚房小工（笑聲）。

Ling applied to study music here and was immediately accepted. I, on the other hand, had to wait. I went to Washington, D.C., with a hundred dollars in my pocket, and found a job. So my wife was alone with her violin in Saskatoon. I was three thousand kilometers away on the kitchen staff of Mr. Eggroll.

幸福，終于隨著薩斯喀徹溫大學(xué)給我的錄取通知書降臨。連續(xù)三天三夜在一輛灰狗大巴上渡過，對(duì)誰可能都是一種折磨，但我卻一路歡快、一路亢奮地抵達(dá)了薩斯喀徹溫（笑聲）。我和我妻子都獲得了全額獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。這是改變我們命運(yùn)的決定性因素。每月如期而至的支票，超過當(dāng)時(shí)我在北大教書好幾年的收入。那些與我們素昧平生的人們，為什么要給我們?nèi)绱司揞~的金錢？這在我心靈深處引起的震撼，從此再也不能平息。

The happy day came when I was also accepted at this university. Nobody was ever as excited as I was to spend three days on a Greyhound bus to Saskatchewan. Ling and I had both received scholarships. That made all the difference for us. The same amount of money would have taken many years to earn in China at that time. We were amazed that such a gift could be granted by people who did not even know us.

滿懷著摯愛之情，我想起我的研究生導(dǎo)師 David Kaplan 博士的仁愛胸懷。認(rèn)識(shí)他的人，都會(huì)感到認(rèn)識(shí)他是一種幸運(yùn)。他是音樂系的創(chuàng)始人。對(duì)于我們外國(guó)留學(xué)生而言，他是淙淙流淌的友誼、幫助和鼓勵(lì)的源泉。Kaplan 博士是我生命中一盞明燈，指引著我像他幫助我一樣去幫助別人。

With special affection, I recall the generous spirit of Dr. David Kaplan. If you knew him, it was a privilege. He was the founder of the music department. To many foreign students, he was a source of constant help, friendship, and encouragement. Often in my life, Dr. Kaplan’s example has shined before me, a reminder to share with others as he shared with me.

學(xué)校給予我的一切是如此美好，但校園外的生活可并不總是那么陽光明媚。畢業(yè)不久我就意識(shí)到，做一名音樂人難以維持生計(jì)。人們雖然喜歡聽莫扎特和巴赫的音樂，但他們并不急著聆聽我的演奏（笑聲）。我成立了自己的音樂公司，但公司生意慘淡。我譜寫并錄制民謠，但它們只在謠言里存在（笑聲）。

I received so much from the University in those years, but life beyond campus was not nearly as forgiving. Upon graduation, it didn't take long for me to realize that I would not make my fortune as a performing musician. As much as the world loves the sounds of Mozart and Bach, the world was not waiting to hear them from my violin. I started my own music business, but business was slow. I wrote and recorded folksongs, but the folks were not listening.

這段時(shí)間對(duì)于我來說的確是舉步維艱。我在家看孩子，靠我妻子教書養(yǎng)家。我也嘗試做過各種各樣的工作，其中一種工作，對(duì)速度節(jié)奏和交割時(shí)效要求極高——在座如果有人在 1995 年叫過必勝客披薩的外賣，我們很可能曾經(jīng)有緣相逢（笑聲）。

It was truly a difficult period for me. I watched our children at home while my wife taught school. I took various jobs, including one job that involved fast-paced and time-sensitive transactions. If anyone here received a delivery from Pizza Hut in 1995, there is a good chance we have met before.

如果能夠避免，我不建議大家刻意去經(jīng)歷這樣一段時(shí)期。不過，有時(shí)候這種事情確實(shí)也無法避免。但它不應(yīng)該成為休止符，它甚至可能是“大器晚成”的預(yù)兆，就像我自己的經(jīng)歷一樣。即使在我最艱難的日子里，我也從未失去自我，沒有喪失信心。我屢戰(zhàn)屢敗，但屢敗屢戰(zhàn)。我深信，天降大任于斯人，我來到世界，尚有使命未達(dá)，更有好夢(mèng)未成。我不會(huì)讓失敗帶走我的信念。

I do not recommend a period like that in your own careers, if you can avoid it. But sometimes it happens anyway. That doesn’t have to be the end. It can even mark a late beginning, as it did for me. Even in my darkest moments, I had a sense of who I was and what I could do. More than once I failed, but I refused to give up. I knew in my heart that I was here on earth to achieve good and meaningful things. I never let any failure take that conviction away.

在這種信念的支持下，我回到了中國(guó)，加入了一個(gè)名叫新東方的英語學(xué)校。中國(guó)正進(jìn)入改革開放的大潮，很多年輕人渴望走出去，看看外面的世界。我如癡似醉地投入到了幫助他們實(shí)現(xiàn)留學(xué)夢(mèng)想的工作中。面對(duì)那些求知若渴的莘莘學(xué)子，我竭盡了自己一切所知，耗干了自己的全部精力。

Sustained by this feeling, I went back to China and joined a small English school in Beijing called New Oriental. China had opened up and many young people were eager to see the world. I threw myself into the work of helping them find opportunities to study abroad. I shared everything I knew to serve them in every way I could.

十年轉(zhuǎn)眼過去，隨著新東方在美國(guó)上市，我們很多學(xué)生也開始從海外學(xué)成歸國(guó)。他們找到我，想讓我為他們的創(chuàng)業(yè)想法尋找資金。那時(shí)的中國(guó)，天使投資還是一個(gè)比較罕見的事情。我非常理解這些年輕人，因?yàn)槲疑钪赜写笾?、阮囊羞澀是什么滋味。于是我開始資助他們的創(chuàng)業(yè)夢(mèng)，并在不知不覺間成為了一名天使投資人。

Ten years later, after that school, New Oriental Education, went public in the U.S., many of my former students returning from overseas approached me looking for money for their business ideas. At the time in China, there was no such thing as angel investing. I understood these men and women, because I knew what it was like to be rich in ideas and poor in money. So I began to finance their start-up dreams and became an angel investor before I knew it.

被人們稱之為“成功人士”是一件讓我高興的事。說實(shí)話，我感到慶幸，命運(yùn)對(duì)我實(shí)在非常寬厚仁慈。但我不會(huì)用財(cái)富排行榜來衡量成功，也不會(huì)用能夠買得起什么來評(píng)判成敗。我衡量成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不僅僅是自己如何戰(zhàn)勝逆境，而是如何也幫助他人反敗為勝。《悲慘世界》中主教對(duì)冉阿讓的一句話讓我非常難忘：“無論我們的生命多么微不足道，我們要傾盡一切與他人分享?！蔽也挥浀梦业呐笥?David Kaplan 博士是否聽說過這句名言，但他確實(shí)踐行了這種美德。我的人生，因?yàn)樗退笳鞯乃_斯喀徹溫大學(xué)，而變得更加美好。

I am happy to be called a success today – and frankly, still a bit relieved. It was a close call. But I do not measure success in rankings of wealth. I do not measure it in the things I can buy. I measure success, not just in overcoming one’s own adversity, but in helping others overcome theirs. My favorite line in the musical Les Miserables is from the Bishop: “Though our lives are very humble. What we have, we have to share.” I don’t recall if my friend Dr. David Kaplan ever heard those words, but he certainly lived them. And mine is just one life that he, and this university, changed for the better.

無論是在商界，還是在法律界，人們所做的一切，都是為了追求成功。第一份工作——甚至是第二第三份工作——不一定就是我們的理想崗位，但你的面前卻有一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)不需要等待的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)：那就是在別人有需求的時(shí)候鼎力出手、傾其所有、給予超出對(duì)方期待的幫助。無論身份高低、無論境遇逆順，你都有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)展示你的價(jià)值。每一天，每一刻，總有人需要我們；總有一些事情，缺了你就無法做成。如果你懷著這種信念一路前行，你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己獨(dú)一無二的價(jià)值、并漸入成功的佳境。讓我們都記住這么一句至理名言：生命以獲取而續(xù)存，生命因給予而繁盛！

In business, in law, in any work we do, all of the same things are true about succeeding. First jobs – maybe even second or third ones – are not always dream jobs. Yet there is one opportunity that we never have to wait on – that is the chance to give our best, to give without holding back, and to give more than what is asked. We can do that in every position, high or low. We can do that in every circumstance. Every day, at every turn, we are needed; there are good things that only we can do. That’s how we show who we are, and find success along the way. There is great wisdom in the saying: We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.

對(duì)今天在場(chǎng)的每一位畢業(yè)生，我祝福你們擁有成功事業(yè)和幸福人生。我也希望你們同樣懷著我對(duì)母校的這份真情：為學(xué)校給予我們的一切致以崇敬、摯愛和感恩。多年前我從這里得到的關(guān)愛與慷慨，在我心中雋刻下永不磨滅的痕跡，愿你在此的躬讀歲月也給你留下高貴閃光的印記。

For each one of you graduating here today, I wish a great career and a happy life. And I hope that you will always share the feeling I have toward this university: respect, affection, and gratitude for all it has given to us. The kindness and generosity I received here long ago still touches me. May these years of learning leave a gracious mark on you as well.

2017 屆的同學(xué)們，我祝你們好運(yùn)連連，幸福滿滿！

Classof 2017, I wish you good luck and great happiness.

謝謝大家?。ㄕ坡暎?/p>

Thank you very much.