沃倫·巴菲特，阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦，奧普拉·溫弗瑞每天都會(huì)做這件事，雖然它并不在他們的待辦事項(xiàng)清單中。

Warren Buffett, Albert Einstein, Oprah Winfrey all do this one thing outside their to-do-lists everyday.

整個(gè)成年時(shí)期有個(gè)問(wèn)題一直讓我著迷：是什么讓一些人區(qū)別于其他大多數(shù)普通人，而成為世界級(jí)的領(lǐng)袖、杰出人物或是革新者。

One question has fascinated me my entire adult life: what causes some people to become world-class leaders, performers, and changemakers, while most others plateau?

為了探索這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案，我閱讀了大量人物傳記、學(xué)術(shù)研究報(bào)告和各種領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)書(shū)籍。漸漸地，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些杰出人物都有一個(gè)令人意想不到的習(xí)慣。

I& #39;ve explored the answer to this question by reading thousands of biographies, academic studies, and books across dozens of disciplines. Over time, I’ve noticed a deeper practice of top performers, one so counterintuitive that it’s often overlooked.

商界的杰出人物們肩負(fù)著比其他人更多的責(zé)任，但他們?nèi)耘f能夠從緊急工作中抽身出來(lái)，放慢腳步，投身于那些長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看能回報(bào)以更多知識(shí)、創(chuàng)新和力量的活動(dòng)。正因?yàn)槿绱?，起初他們每天取得的成果或許有限，但是縱觀整個(gè)人生歷程他們會(huì)獲得巨大的成就。

Despite having way more responsibility than anyone else, top performers in the business world often find time to step away from their urgent work, slow down, and invest in activities that have a long-term payoff in greater knowledge, creativity, and energy. As a result, they may achieve less in a day at first, but drastically more over the course of their lives.

我之所以稱(chēng)之為「復(fù)時(shí)間」是因?yàn)椋拖駨?fù)利一樣，隨著時(shí)間的推移一個(gè)小小的投資會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的回報(bào)。

I call this compound time because, like compound interest, a small investment now yields surprisingly large returns over time.

舉個(gè)例子，沃倫·巴菲特，擁有好幾家公司，雇傭數(shù)十萬(wàn)員工，卻不像你這般忙碌。據(jù)他自己估計(jì)，他職業(yè)生涯中80%的時(shí)間都花在閱讀和思考上。

Warren Buffett, for example, despite owning companies with hundreds of thousands of employees, isn’t as busy as you are. By his own estimate, he has spent 80 percent of his career reading and thinking.

在2016年每日期刊公司（Daily Journal Corporation）的年會(huì)上，作為巴菲特40年的生意伙伴，查理·芒格分享道，巴菲特每周日程上唯一的事項(xiàng)就是去理發(fā)，周周如此。這與成天疲于應(yīng)付各種迫在眉睫的最后期限、大小會(huì)議、瑣事的大多數(shù)人恰恰相反。

At the 2016 Daily Journal annual meeting, Charlie Munger, Buffett’s 40-year business partner, shared that the only scheduled item on his calendar one week was getting his haircut and that most of his weeks were similar. This is the opposite of most people who are overwhelmed with short-term deadlines, meetings, and minutiae.

本·富蘭克林曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：「知識(shí)是最好的投資」。也許巴菲特真正的財(cái)富不僅僅是金錢(qián)的復(fù)利，而是他知識(shí)的復(fù)利，這將有助于他做出更好的決策。億萬(wàn)富豪、投資人、慈善家保羅·都德·瓊斯也曾總結(jié)過(guò)：「智力資本將永遠(yuǎn)勝過(guò)金融資本」。

Ben Franklin once wisely said: “An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.” Perhaps the source of Buffett’s true wealth is not just the compounding of his money, but the compounding of his knowledge, which has allowed him to make better decisions. Or as billionaire entrepreneur, investor, and philanthropist Paul Tudor Jones has eloquently said, “Intellectual capital will always trump financial capital.”

如何建立屬于你自己的智力資本，這里有6種「復(fù)時(shí)間」活動(dòng)，你可以立即應(yīng)用到你的生活中：

To build your own intellectual capital, here are six compound time activities that you can start incorporating into your life immediately:

秘訣1：寫(xiě)日記。這將會(huì)改變你的生活。

Hack #1: Keep a journal. It could change your life.

除了開(kāi)放式地反思，許多杰出人物還會(huì)把具體的條目寫(xiě)下來(lái)。

Many top performers go beyond open-ended reflection: they often combine specific prompts with a physical journal.

每天早上，本杰明·富蘭克林會(huì)問(wèn)自己：「我今天要做些什么好事呢？」，而每天晚上他會(huì)問(wèn)「我今天做了什么好事？」 。史蒂夫·喬布斯每天站在鏡子前會(huì)對(duì)自己發(fā)問(wèn)：「如果今天是我活著的最后一天，我是否會(huì)愿意做這些我即將去做的事情？」 億萬(wàn)富豪讓·保羅·德約里爾和時(shí)事評(píng)論員阿里安娜·赫芬頓每天早上則會(huì)花幾分鐘禱告。奧普拉·溫弗瑞也差不多，列出5件她覺(jué)得感恩的事情，從她的感恩日志開(kāi)始一天的工作。

Each morning, Benjamin Franklin asked himself, “What good shall I do this day?” and each evening, “What good have I done today?” Steve Jobs stood at the mirror each day and asked, “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do?” Both billionaire Jean Paul DeJoria and media maven Arianna Huffington takes a few minutes each morning to count their blessings. Oprah Winfrey does the same: she starts each day with her gratitude journal, noting five things for which she’s thankful.

億萬(wàn)富豪企業(yè)家、投資人雷德·霍夫曼每天睡前都會(huì)問(wèn)自己如下問(wèn)題：可能制約解決方案的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是什么，或者一個(gè)解決方案的關(guān)鍵特性又是什么？我有什么樣的工具和資源？我應(yīng)該考慮哪些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題？我想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性地解決什么？國(guó)際象棋大師、世界武術(shù)冠軍喬?！ぞS茨金也有類(lèi)似的習(xí)慣，「我的日志系統(tǒng)是基于復(fù)雜性研究展開(kāi)的。如何降低復(fù)雜性是最重要的問(wèn)題。帶著這個(gè)問(wèn)題入睡，然后在清晨一覺(jué)醒來(lái)就展開(kāi)關(guān)于此問(wèn)題的頭腦風(fēng)暴。因此，我是用潛意識(shí)去思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題，完全釋放，打開(kāi)思路，像雷達(dá)一樣進(jìn)行自動(dòng)搜索。」

Billionaire entrepreneur and investor Reid Hoffman asks himself questions about his thinking before bed: What are the kind of key things that might be constraints on a solution, or might be the attributes of a solution? What are the tools or assets I might have? What are the key things that I want to think about? What do I want to solve creatively? Grandmaster chess player and world champion martial artist Josh Waitzkin has a similar process, “My journaling system is based around studying complexity. Reducing the complexity down to what is the most important question. Sleeping on it, and then waking up in the morning first thing and pre-input brainstorming on it. So I’m feeding my unconscious material to work on, releasing it completely, and then opening my mind and riffing on it.”

每當(dāng)赫赫有名的管理咨詢(xún)顧問(wèn)彼得·德魯克做決策的時(shí)候，他會(huì)寫(xiě)下自己的期望；幾個(gè)月后，將實(shí)際結(jié)果與期望進(jìn)行比較。列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇關(guān)于藝術(shù)、發(fā)明、觀察和想法的草稿和思緒寫(xiě)滿(mǎn)了數(shù)萬(wàn)頁(yè)紙。阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦有生之年寫(xiě)了80,000多頁(yè)筆記。前美國(guó)總統(tǒng)約翰·亞當(dāng)斯一生留下了51本日記。

Whenever legendary management consultant Peter Drucker made a decision, he wrote down what he expected to happen; several months later, he’d compare the results with his expectations. Leonardo da Vinci filled tens of thousands of pages with sketches and musings on his art, inventions, observations, and ideas. Albert Einstein amassed more than 80,000 pages of notes in his lifetime. Former President John Adams kept over 51 journals throughout his life.

你是否注意到，當(dāng)你把想法、計(jì)劃和經(jīng)歷寫(xiě)下來(lái)的時(shí)候，你會(huì)感到更清晰、更專(zhuān)注？研究者稱(chēng)之為「以寫(xiě)促學(xué)」。這種方法將會(huì)幫助梳理我們的經(jīng)歷，使之有序且有意義，是一種對(duì)于知識(shí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)非常有用的工具。同時(shí)還能增強(qiáng)我們分析復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的能力，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜問(wèn)題通常包含了眾多關(guān)聯(lián)部分，而我們的大腦，在任何特定時(shí)刻只能處理3個(gè)部分。眾多研究表明，「以寫(xiě)促學(xué)」有助于提升元認(rèn)知思維，即對(duì)于自我思想的認(rèn)知。元認(rèn)知是影響表現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵因素。

Ever notice that after writing about your thoughts, plans, and experiences, you feel clearer and more focused? Researchers call this “writing to learn.” It helps us bring order and meaning to our experiences and becomes a potent tool for knowledge and discovery. It also augments our ability to think about complex topics that have dozens of interrelated parts, while our brain, by itself, can only manage three in any given moment. A review of hundreds of studies on writing to learn showed that it also helps with what’s called metacognitive thinking, which is our awareness of our own thoughts. Metacognition is a key element in performance.

秘訣2：打個(gè)盹兒能大幅提升學(xué)習(xí)能力、記憶力、認(rèn)知能力、創(chuàng)新能力和生產(chǎn)率。

Hack #2: Naps can dramatically increase learning, memory, awareness, creativity, and productivity.

來(lái)自圣地亞哥加利福尼亞大學(xué)的薩拉·梅德尼克，從數(shù)十年的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果中得出：「小睡1小時(shí)或者1.5小時(shí)…在鞏固學(xué)習(xí)方面，幾乎和你晚上8小時(shí)的睡眠有相同的效益。」 早上學(xué)習(xí)，晚上再做測(cè)驗(yàn)，那些小睡1小時(shí)的人群表現(xiàn)得更好，約高出30%。

Pulling from the results of more than a decade of experiments, nap researcher Sara Mednick of the University of California, San Diego, boldly states: “With naps of an hour to an hour and a half… you get close to the same benefits in learning consolidation that you would from a full eight hour night’s sleep.” People who study in the morning do about 30% better on an evening test if they’ve had an hour-long nap than if they haven’t.

阿爾伯特·愛(ài)因斯坦下午1點(diǎn)半會(huì)從普林斯頓的辦公室回家，吃午飯、打個(gè)盹兒然后喝杯茶開(kāi)始下午的生活。托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生每天要小睡3個(gè)小時(shí)。溫斯頓·邱吉爾下午的打盹時(shí)光也是雷打不動(dòng)的。約翰·F·肯尼迪在床上吃完午飯后要拉下窗簾小睡1-2個(gè)小時(shí)。其他有打盹習(xí)慣的人還有：列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇（每天十幾次，每次10分鐘），拿破侖·波拿馬（打仗前），羅納德·里根（每天下午），林登·約翰遜（每天30分鐘），約翰·D·洛克菲勒（每天午飯后），瑪格麗特·撒切爾（每天1個(gè)小時(shí)），阿諾·施瓦辛格（每天下午）以及比爾·克林頓（每天15-60分鐘）

Albert Einstein broke up his day by returning home from his Princeton office at 1:30 p.m, having lunch, taking a nap, and then waking with a cup of tea to start the afternoon. Thomas Edison napped for up to three hours per day. Winston Churchill considered his late afternoon nap non-negotiable. John F. Kennedy ate his lunch in bed before drawing the curtains for a one- to two-hour nap. Others who swore by daily naps include Leonardo Da Vinci (up to a dozen 10-minute naps a day), Napoleon Bonaparte (before battles), Ronald Reagan (every afternoon), Lyndon B. Johnson (30 minutes a day), John D. Rockefeller (every day after lunch), Margaret Thatcher (one hour a day), Arnold Schwarzenegger (every afternoon), and Bill Clinton (15–60 minutes a day).

現(xiàn)代科學(xué)表明打盹不僅讓我們更高效，而且會(huì)更具創(chuàng)造力。這也許就是為什么像薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利（西班牙畫(huà)家）、國(guó)際象棋大師喬?！ぞS茨金以及埃德加·艾倫·坡（十九世紀(jì)美國(guó)男詩(shī)人、小說(shuō)家和文學(xué)評(píng)論家）這些大師們通過(guò)打盹來(lái)進(jìn)入半醒狀態(tài)——一種介于睡著和醒著之間的意識(shí)狀態(tài)，以幫助他們獲得更深層次的靈感。

Modern science confirms that napping makes us not only more productive, but also more creative. Maybe that’s why greats such as Salvador Dali, chess grandmaster Josh Waitzkin, and Edgar Allen Poe used naps to induce hypnagogia, a state of awareness between sleep and wakefulness that helped them access a deeper level of creativity.

秘訣3：每天散步15分鐘就能創(chuàng)造奇跡。

Hack #3: Only 15 minutes of walking per day can work wonders.

杰出人物們還會(huì)將鍛煉加入到他們的日程表中。最常見(jiàn)的方式就是散步。

Top performers also build exercise into their daily routine. The most common form is walking.

查爾斯·達(dá)爾文每天散步兩次：中午和下午4點(diǎn)各一次。午飯后，精力充沛的貝多芬會(huì)走很長(zhǎng)一段路，隨身帶一支鉛筆和一疊樂(lè)譜紙，記錄音樂(lè)靈感。查爾斯·狄更斯每天會(huì)走個(gè)十幾英里，之后再寫(xiě)作就感覺(jué)文思泉涌，他曾寫(xiě)道：「如果步伐不再輕盈腳力不再充沛，我想我寧愿自爆死去」。哲學(xué)家弗里德里?！つ岵蛇@樣說(shuō)道：「只有從散步中獲得的靈感才有價(jià)值」。

Charles Darwin went on two walks daily: one at noon and one at 4 p.m. After a midday meal, Beethoven embarked on a long, vigorous walk, carrying a pencil and sheets of music paper to record chance musical thoughts. Charles Dickens walked a dozen miles a day and found writing so mentally agitating that he once wrote, “If I couldn’t walk fast and far, I should just explode and perish.” Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche concluded, “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth.”

其他有散步習(xí)慣的名人包括：甘地（每天散步很長(zhǎng)一段距離）、杰克·多西（每天清晨5英里），斯蒂芬·喬布斯（嚴(yán)肅對(duì)話(huà)后會(huì)步行很長(zhǎng)距離）、托里·伯奇（每天45分鐘）、霍華德·舒爾茨（每天清晨），亞里士多德（邊走邊演講），神經(jīng)科學(xué)者及作家?jiàn)W利弗·薩克斯（午飯后），溫斯頓·邱吉爾（每天清晨醒來(lái)后）。

Others who made a habit of walking include Gandhi (took a long walk every day), Jack Dorsey (takes a five-mile walk each morning), Steve Jobs (took a long walk when he had a serious talk), Tory Burch (45 minutes a day), Howard Schultz (walks every morning), Aristotle (gave lectures while walking), neurologist and author Oliver Sacks (walked after lunch), and Winston Churchill (walked every morning upon waking).

如今有科學(xué)依據(jù)表明這些天才們的直覺(jué)是對(duì)的：散步可以恢復(fù)身心，增加創(chuàng)造力，甚至能延續(xù)你的生命。一項(xiàng)針對(duì)65歲以上老年人為期12年的研究表明，每天散步15分鐘降低了22%的死亡率。

Now we have scientific data proving what these geniuses intuited: taking a walk refreshes the mind and body, and increases creativity. It can even extend your life. In one 12-year study of adults over 65, walking for 15 minutes a day reduced mortality by 22%.

秘訣4：閱讀是最值得投資的活動(dòng)

Hack #4: Reading is one of the most beneficial activities we can invest in

來(lái)看看這個(gè)令人驚嘆的事實(shí)：不論我們身處何種環(huán)境，我們都有機(jī)會(huì)獲得比爾·蓋茨（世界上最富有的人）最?lèi)?ài)的學(xué)習(xí)媒介——書(shū)

Here’s an amazing truth: no matter our circumstances, we all have equal access to the favorite learning medium of Bill Gates, the richest person in the world: books.

各領(lǐng)域的頂尖人才都熱衷于這種高回報(bào)低投入的學(xué)習(xí)方式。

Top performers in all areas take advantage of this high-powered, low-cost way to learn.

溫斯頓·邱吉爾每天都要花幾個(gè)小時(shí)閱讀傳記、歷史、哲學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)類(lèi)的書(shū)籍。同樣地，熱愛(ài)閱讀的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)有很多：?jiǎn)讨巍とA盛頓、托馬斯·杰斐遜、亞伯拉罕·林肯、約翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪，他們都是饑渴的閱讀者。西奧多·羅斯福忙碌的時(shí)候一天閱讀一本書(shū)，當(dāng)他晚上有空時(shí)，一天能看2-3本書(shū)。

Winston Churchill spent several hours a day reading biographies, history, philosophy, and economics. Likewise, the list of U.S. presidents who loved books is long: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and JFK were all voracious readers. Theodore Roosevelt read one book a day when busy, and two to three a day when he had a free evening.

其他熱衷閱讀的杰出人物有：億萬(wàn)富豪企業(yè)家馬克·庫(kù)班（每天3小時(shí)以上）、億萬(wàn)富豪企業(yè)家阿瑟·布蘭克（每天2小時(shí)以上）、億萬(wàn)富翁投資人大衛(wèi)·魯賓斯坦（每周6本書(shū)）、億萬(wàn)富豪企業(yè)家丹·吉伯特（每天1-2本書(shū)）、奧普拉·溫弗瑞（將她大部分的成功歸功于閱讀）、伊隆·馬斯克（年輕的時(shí)候每天讀2本書(shū)）、馬克·扎克伯格（每2周1本書(shū)）、杰夫·貝索斯（13歲的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)讀了數(shù)百本科幻小說(shuō)）以及迪士尼CEO鮑勃·艾格（每天清晨04:30起床閱讀）。

Other lumineer readers include billionaire entrepreneur Mark Cuban (three-plus hours a day), billionaire entrepreneur Arthur Blank (two-plus hours a day), billionaire investor David Rubenstein (six books a week), billionaire entrepreneur Dan Gilbert (one to two hours a day), Oprah Winfrey (credits reading for much of her success), Elon Musk (read two books a day when he was younger), Mark Zuckerberg (a book every two weeks), Jeff Bezos (read hundreds of science fiction novels by the time he was 13), and CEO of Disney Bob Iger (gets up every morning at 4:30 a.m. to read).

閱讀可以提高記憶力，增加同理心，釋放我們的壓力，所有這些都能幫助我們實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。書(shū)籍將某些人一生之中最有價(jià)值的知識(shí)濃縮在開(kāi)本中，讓我們幾小時(shí)內(nèi)就可以學(xué)到。這是一種終極的投資回報(bào)。

Reading books improves memory, increases empathy, and de-stresses us, all of which can help us achieve our goals. Books compress a lifetime’s worth of someone’s most impactful knowledge into a format that demands just a few hours of our time. They provide the ultimate ROI.Interested in reading more? I recorded a webinar to help you to find the time to read and double your return on learning.

秘訣5：可以交流的伙伴將會(huì)帶來(lái)意想不到的突破

Hack #5: Conversation partners lead to surprising breakthroughs

在《兩個(gè)人的力量：發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造性組合中的革新本質(zhì)》一書(shū)中，作家、評(píng)論家約書(shū)亞·申克提出，創(chuàng)新基于社會(huì)，而不是個(gè)人。書(shū)中提到了那些創(chuàng)造性組合，比如約翰·列儂和保羅·麥卡特尼，瑪麗和皮埃爾·居里以及史蒂夫·喬布斯和史蒂夫·沃茲尼亞克，回顧了有關(guān)革新的學(xué)術(shù)研究。

In Powers Of Two: Finding the Essence of Innovation in Creative Pairs, author and essayist, Joshua Shenk, makes the case that the foundation of creativity is social, not individual. The book reviews the academic research on innovation, highlighting creative duos from John Lennon and Paul McCartney to Marie and Pierre Curie to Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.

在每天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的散步過(guò)程中，心理學(xué)家丹尼爾·卡內(nèi)曼和阿莫斯·特沃斯基發(fā)明了一種新的有關(guān)行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論，卡內(nèi)曼因此獲得了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。J.R.R. 托爾金和C.S.劉易斯彼此分享工作成果并且每周一相約在酒吧見(jiàn)面。弗朗西斯·克里克和詹姆斯·沃森--DNA結(jié)構(gòu)的共同發(fā)現(xiàn)者，從他們的辦公室到劍橋的每日午餐會(huì)，總是在反復(fù)駁斥對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)?？死锟嘶貞浀?，如果他提出了一個(gè)驚人的想法，「沃森會(huì)毫不猶豫地告訴我這是無(wú)稽之談，反之亦然?！?藝術(shù)家安迪·沃霍爾和帕特·哈克特每天早上會(huì)一起花2個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間「寫(xiě)日志」——仔細(xì)回顧昨天的活動(dòng)細(xì)節(jié)。

During long daily walks, psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tverskydeveloped a new theory of behavioral economics that won Kahneman the Nobel Prize. J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis shared their work with each other and set aside Mondays to meet at a pub. Francis Crick and James Watson, the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA, batted ideas back and forth relentlessly, both in their shared office and during daily lunches in Cambridge. Crick recalled that if he presented a flawed idea, “Watson would tell me in no uncertain terms this was nonsense, and vice-versa.” Artists Andy Warhol and Pat Hackett took two hours each morning to “do the diary” together: recounting the previous day’s activities in detail.

許多偉人都有自己規(guī)?；?、儀式化的討論圈子。西奧多·羅斯福的「網(wǎng)球內(nèi)閣」里都是每天一起鍛煉和討論國(guó)家所面臨問(wèn)題的朋友們和外交官們。本杰明·富蘭克林組建了一個(gè)「共同改善社會(huì)」的政治團(tuán)體，他們每周五晚上聚在一起互相學(xué)習(xí)?！噶骼藵h」集會(huì)由4位非常有名的朋友組成——亨利·福特、托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生、哈維·費(fèi)爾斯通和約翰·巴勒斯，他們每年夏天都會(huì)一起公路旅行：露營(yíng)、爬山以及「坐在篝火旁討論各種科學(xué)、商業(yè)投資，針對(duì)當(dāng)天發(fā)生的大事進(jìn)行辯論」。

Many greats made a habit of conversing in large, ritualized groups. Theodore Roosevelt’s “Tennis Cabinet” included friends and diplomats who exercised together daily and debated the issues facing the country. Benjamin Franklin created a “mutual improvement society” called the Junto that gathered each Friday evening to learn from each other. The Vagabonds were a group of four famous friends?—?Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, Harvey Firestone, and John Burroughs?—?who took road trips each summer: camping, climbing, and “sitting around the campfire discussing their various scientific and business ventures and debating the pressing issues of the day.”

秘訣6：成功是你進(jìn)行了諸多實(shí)驗(yàn)之后的結(jié)果

Hack #6: Success is a direct result of the number of experiments you perform

「亞馬遜的成功是一個(gè)函數(shù)，計(jì)算著我們每年、每月、每周以及每天做了多少實(shí)驗(yàn)……」杰夫·貝索斯這么說(shuō)是有道理的。

There’s a reason that Jeff Bezos says, “Our success at Amazon is a function of how many experiments we do per year, per month, per week, per day….”

一次大勝可以將之前所有的失敗一筆勾銷(xiāo)。在最近提交給證交會(huì)的文件中，他解釋了為什么：

One big winner pays for all of the losing experiments. In a recent SEC filing, he explains why:

「如果有10%的機(jī)會(huì)獲得100倍回報(bào)，那么你每次都應(yīng)當(dāng)去賭一把。不過(guò)，你仍然會(huì)有90%的可能性是錯(cuò)的。我們都知道，如果你想要全壘打，那么很可能會(huì)多次被三振出局，但你也會(huì)完成一些全壘打。不過(guò)，棒球和企業(yè)之間的不同在于，棒球取得結(jié)果的可能性是有限的。在你揮舞球棒時(shí)，無(wú)論對(duì)球的處理有多好，你最多只能跑完四壘。在運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)時(shí)，當(dāng)你開(kāi)始擊球，或許你很快就能跑完1,000壘。」

“Given a ten percent chance of a 100 times payoff, you should take that bet every time. But you’re still going to be wrong nine times out of ten. We all know that if you swing for the fences, you’re going to strike out a lot, but you’re also going to hit some home runs. The difference between baseball and business, however, is that baseball has a truncated outcome distribution. When you swing, no matter how well you connect with the ball, the most runs you can get is four. In business, every once in awhile, when you step up to the plate, you can score 1,000 runs.”

你書(shū)讀得再多，討論得再多，還是不可避免地會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。如果這讓你感到氣餒，想想托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生。他做了50,000多個(gè)糟糕的實(shí)驗(yàn)才發(fā)明了堿性蓄電池，9,000多個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)才改進(jìn)了燈泡。但是直到他去世，他獲得了將近1,100項(xiàng)美國(guó)專(zhuān)利。

No matter how much you read and discuss, you’re still going to have to spend some time making your own mistakes. If that discourages you, just remember Thomas Edison. It took him more than 50,000 botched experiments to invent the alkaline storage cell battery, and 9,000 to perfect the light bulb. But at his death, he held nearly 1,100 U.S. patents.

實(shí)驗(yàn)不僅僅發(fā)生在「真實(shí)」世界。我們的大腦具有難以置信的模擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的能力，能以更快的速度和更低的消耗探索著各種可能性。愛(ài)因斯坦的思維實(shí)驗(yàn)（比如，想象自己在追逐空間中的一束光）幫助他突破科學(xué)理論；你也可以嘗試放飛你的想象力來(lái)思考一些小難題。托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生、列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇和其他杰出人物不僅僅通過(guò)文字的方式來(lái)記錄，也畫(huà)了很多草圖和思維腦圖。

Experiments don’t just happen in the “real” world. Our brain has an incredible ability to simulate reality and explore possibilities at a much faster rate and lower cost. Einstein used thought experiments (imagining himself chasing a light beam through space, for instance) to help construct breakthrough scientific theories; you can use them to set your imagination free on slightly smaller conundrums. The journals of Thomas Edison, Leonardo da Vinci, and other luminaries aren’t just filled with writing, they’re also filled with sketches and mind maps.

輕松喜劇與創(chuàng)造發(fā)明相去甚遠(yuǎn)，但是實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)于藝術(shù)和科學(xué)這兩者都至關(guān)重要。拿克里斯·洛克這樣的明星喜劇演員舉個(gè)例子。洛克在準(zhǔn)備大型秀之前（比如，在麥迪遜廣場(chǎng)花園這樣的地方演出），通常會(huì)連續(xù)幾個(gè)月在小眾俱樂(lè)部試行新的素材以及收集現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾的即時(shí)反饋（看他們是否會(huì)大笑）。

Standup comedy is a far cry from inventing, but experimentation is just as key in the arts as it is in science. Take a star comedian like Chris Rock, for instance. Rock prepares for huge shows in venues such as Madison Square Garden by piecing his routine together in small clubs for months on end, trying out new material and getting instant feedback from audiences (they either laugh or they don’t).

其他人也會(huì)通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式強(qiáng)迫自己養(yǎng)成新的習(xí)慣或者摒棄不好的習(xí)慣。金牌制作人、編劇珊達(dá)·瑞姆斯決定通過(guò)她稱(chēng)之為「Yes之年」的一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，接納自己的工作狂傾向和極端內(nèi)向，對(duì)所有她擔(dān)心的事情都說(shuō)「Yes」。Jia Jang為了克服自己對(duì)于拒絕的恐懼，做了一個(gè)「100天的拒絕」項(xiàng)目，并在YouTube上進(jìn)行連載。大學(xué)畢業(yè)生梅根·格布哈特在她工作的第一年，每周約一個(gè)人出來(lái)喝咖啡。她將期間所學(xué)寫(xiě)成了一本書(shū)--《52杯咖啡》。導(dǎo)演Sheena Matheiken進(jìn)行了一個(gè)有關(guān)堅(jiān)持的試驗(yàn)，一整年每天都穿同一條黑色裙子。

Others use experiments to force them to take on new habits or break unhealthy ones. Iconic producer and writer Shonda Rhimes decided to take on her workaholism and extreme introversion and say yes to everything that scared her in an experiment she called the Year of Yes. Jia Jang confronted the universal fear of rejection with his 100 Days of Rejection project, which he then catalogued on YouTube. College grad Megan Gebhart spent the first year of her career taking one person a week out for coffee; she compiled the lessons she learned in a book called 52 Cups of Coffee. Filmmaker Sheena Matheiken wore the same black dress every day for a year as an exercise in sustainability.

就像拉爾夫·瓦爾多·愛(ài)默生說(shuō)得：「生活就是實(shí)驗(yàn)。你做得越多，就會(huì)過(guò)得越好?！?/p>

As Ralph Waldo Emerson said, “All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make, the better.”

去吧，讓時(shí)間慢下來(lái)。

Go Ahead, Take That Hour Now

在這樣一個(gè)人人都為了日程表疲于奔命的時(shí)代，現(xiàn)代知識(shí)型員工應(yīng)該恰恰相反：慢下來(lái)，做得少一些，學(xué)得多一些，想得更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)一些。

In a world where everyone is speeding up and cramming their schedule to get ahead, the modern knowledge worker should do the opposite: slow down, work less, learn more, and think long-term.

在這樣一個(gè)以瘋狂工作為焦點(diǎn)的時(shí)代，杰出人物們應(yīng)該專(zhuān)注于學(xué)習(xí)和休息。在這樣一個(gè)人工智能讓工作越來(lái)越自動(dòng)化的時(shí)代，我們應(yīng)該充分發(fā)揮人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造力。創(chuàng)造力的釋放不是通過(guò)更多地工作，而是通過(guò)更少地工作。

In a world where frantic work is the focus, top performers should focus deliberately on learning and rest. In a world where artificial intelligence is automating more and more of our work, we should unleash our creativity. Creativity is not unleashed by working more, but by working less.

「當(dāng)然了！沃倫·巴菲特可以做到，因?yàn)椤冒?，他是沃倫·巴菲特」。這樣替自己解釋很容易，但是別忘了，在巴菲特成為我們現(xiàn)在所知道的「巴菲特」之前，他整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯都保持著學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣。本來(lái)他也有可能陷入無(wú)盡的「忙碌」陷阱中，但是他沒(méi)有，他做了3個(gè)至關(guān)重要的決定：

It’s easy to say to yourself, “Sure! Warren Buffett can do it because… well…. he’s Warren Buffett.” But don’t forget that Warren Buffett has had his learning ritual for his entire career, way before he was the Warren Buffett we know today. He could have easily fallen into the trap of the constant “busy-ness,” but instead, he made three crucial decisions:

果斷地清除繁忙的工作，擺脫不斷緊逼的最后期限、大小會(huì)議和瑣事。

Ruthlessly remove the busy work in order to rise above incessant urgent deadlines, meetings, and minutiae.

把他幾乎所有的時(shí)間都花在那些能創(chuàng)造最長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)價(jià)值的「復(fù)時(shí)間」和事情上。

Spend almost all of his time on compound time, things that create the most long-term value.

跳著踢踏舞去上班是因?yàn)樗业搅俗约簾釔?ài)的事情并且樂(lè)在其中。

Tap dance the work because he leverages his unique strengths and passions.

你可能沒(méi)辦法一夜之間轉(zhuǎn)換成這種生活方式，但是為了充分利用「復(fù)時(shí)間」，你必須首先相信這種「少做能實(shí)現(xiàn)更多」的生活方式是可能并且有益的；這種只注重于自身優(yōu)勢(shì)和激情的生活方式不僅僅是可行的，而是必須的。

This lifestyle may not happen for you overnight, but in order to leverage compound time, you first need to believe that a lifestyle where you work less but accomplish more is possible and beneficial; that a lifestyle where you ruthlessly focus on your strengths and passions is not only feasible, but necessary.

如何開(kāi)始？遵循5小時(shí)守則：每天花 1個(gè)小時(shí)投入「復(fù)時(shí)間」：寫(xiě)日記，打個(gè)盹兒，享受散步，讀書(shū)，或與人交談。你可能會(huì)質(zhì)疑自己，有負(fù)罪感或者擔(dān)心自己只是在「浪費(fèi)」時(shí)間……不，你并沒(méi)有！拋開(kāi)你的待辦事項(xiàng)清單吧，就花1個(gè)小時(shí)投資自己的未來(lái)。這種方法對(duì)世界上那些杰出的人物有用，對(duì)你，同樣適用。

To get started, follow the 5-hour rule: for an hour a day, invest in compound time: take that nap, enjoy that walk, read that book, have that conversation. You may doubt yourself, feel guilty or even worry you’re “wasting” time… You’re not! Step away from your to-do list, just for an hour, and invest in your future. This approach has worked for some of the world’s greatest minds. It can work for you, too.

再次祝福大家取得持續(xù)的進(jìn)步，也能夠在更多事情上獲得好運(yùn)氣。謝謝！